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Filiberto Ojeda Ríos (April 26, 1933 – September 23, 2005) was the commander-in-chief ("Responsable General") of the Boricua Popular Army (''Ejército Popular Boricua, a.k.a., Los Macheteros''). According to an unsigned article in the Los Angeles Times, Los Macheteros was “a terrorist group seeking Puerto Rico's independence.”〔(12 'Terrorists' Held in Heist of $7 Million )〕 The group campaigned for, and supported, the independence of Puerto Rico from the United States. In 2001, FBI Director Louis J. Freeh claimed the group was linked to acts of terrorism, but Ronald Fernandez, scholar of Puerto Rican history, suggests such labeling was an act of political convenience by the United States Government, intended to "shift the blame for any attacks on U.S. policy or personnel from us to them".〔(''The Disenchanted Island: Puerto Rico and the United States in the Twentieth Century'', by Ronald Fernandez. Praeger Publishers, Westport, CT. Page 247. ISBN 0-275-95226-6 and 0-275-95227-4. Retrieved August 3, 2009. )〕 Ríos was also a founder of the FALN.〔(''Effects and effectiveness of law enforcement intelligence measures to counter homegrown terrorism: A case study on the Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional (FALN)'' ); ROberta Belli, Final Report to the Science & Technology Directorate, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, August 2012, page 8.〕 In a 1983 New York Times article, Robert McFadden described the FALN as a Puerto Rican terrorist organization responsible for bombings during the 1970s and early 1980s "in the name of Puerto Rican independence".〔(F.A.L.N. PUERTO RICAN TERRORISTS SUSPECTED IN NEW YEAR BOMBINGS )〕 Ojeda Ríos was a fugitive from 1990 to 2005, wanted by the FBI for his role in the 1983 Wells Fargo depot robbery in West Hartford, Connecticut, as well as a bail bond default on 23 September 1990, a date that coincided with the anniversary of the Puerto Rican pro-independence uprising known as El Grito de Lares. On this date in 2005, he was shot and killed during an exchange of gunfire with FBI agents after they surrounded the house in Hormigueros, Puerto Rico where he was living to serve an arrest warrant. The FBI operation was questioned by local Puerto Rican authorities as well as international organizations. The killing of Ojeda Ríos was mourned by members of the Puerto Rican Independence movement and by some Puerto Ricans in general, who have expressed their indignation through repeated protests. Some members of the statehood movement and supporters of the Commonwealth also joined in the criticism of the federal handling of the FBI's shooting incident. In late March 2006, the Puerto Rico Department of Justice sued federal authorities, including FBI Director Robert Mueller and US Attorney General Alberto Gonzales, seeking an injunction to force the federal government authorities to provide the Commonwealth government with information related to the operation in which Ojeda Ríos died, as well as another one in which the FBI searched the homes of independence supporters affiliated with Los Macheteros. A US District Court judge ruled against the Puerto Rico Department of Justice.〔(''Court refuses to step into Ojeda case'' By Peter Yost. USA TODAY March 31, 2008. ) Retrieved April 17, 2014.〕 The case was subsequently appealed to a federal appeals court which ruled that "disclosing information on the Ojeda raid 'would reveal how the FBI goes about capturing a fugitive who is believed to be dangerous.' "〔 The Commonwealth Government then took the case to the United States Supreme Court but "the Supreme Court...refused to consider () lawsuit by Puerto Rico seeking FBI files in the killing of Puerto Rican independence supporter Filiberto Ojeda Rios."〔 In response to questions raised in media accounts and by public officials in the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Robert Mueller requested an investigation by the Office of the Inspector General of the United States Department of Justice.〔(FBI Responds to OIG Report on the Circumstances Surrounding the Attempted Capture of Filiberto Ojeda Rios )〕 The resulting report concluded that “the FBI agents’ use of force in the Ojeda operation did not violate the Department of Justice Deadly Force Policy” and that Ojeda Ríos had initiated the exchange of gunfire.〔http://www.justice.gov/oig/special/s0608/full_report.pdf A Review of the September 2005 Shooting Incident Involving the Federal Bureau of Investigation and Filiberto Ojeda Ríos〕 The Commonwealth of Puerto Rico Civil Rights Commission subsequently conducted its own investigation of the incident and issued a report on 22 September 2011 wherein the Commission called Ojeda Ríos's death an "illegal killing.".〔(''Ojeda Ríos Report Expected by December 31.'' By Eva Llorens Vélez. Puerto Rico Daily Sun. November 27, 2009. ) Retrieved November 27, 2009.〕 == Biography == Ojeda Ríos was born on April 26, 1933, in Naguabo, Puerto Rico. Ojeda entered college when he was fifteen years old and was described as having an "engaging intelligence". As a child, he played the trumpet and guitar. He joined a Salsa band from the municipality of Ponce, Puerto Rico, "La Sonora Ponceña", performing on both instruments.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Filiberto Ojeda Ríos」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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